The art of breeding Turkmen alabay
Inscribed in 2025 (20.COM) on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity
The alabay is a breed of dog known for its physical characteristics (large head, flat forehead, small eyes, strong muscles and large size) as well as for its loyalty, guarding skills and calm demeanour. The breed has been carefully preserved by the practising communities over many centuries. People of all ages, genders and levels of experience take part in breeding and caring for alabays, developing close bonds with them in the process. There are many traditions associated with alabays, from ceremonies related to a puppy’s birth and naming, to the custom of creating protective amulets.
Knowledge about breeding and training alabays is passed down within families, through mentoring, as well as through formal training in clubs and centres. Each community also has a master dog breeder, whose role it is to guide practitioners and transmit knowledge to new dog breeders about alabay behaviour and training techniques. The customs associated with breeding and caring for alabays are intended to ensure the intrinsic qualities of the breed and to transmit related cultural values to younger generations. As a source of unity, cultural identity and pride, alabays are often featured in local art, poems, proverbs and celebrations, including a dedicated national holiday and international competitions.
