Afghanistan

Inscribed in 2025 (20.COM) on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity

Miniature art is a detailed and symbolic form of painting scenes from history and literature. Its primary function is to acquaint the communities concerned with elements of culture, history and literature, embodying the knowledge and insight of their collective past. Certain artists have contributed to its recognition and popularity, with their works now adorning world-renowned museums. For instance, numerous artists and schools are inspired by the design and style of Kamal ud-Din Behzad’s work and use it as their primary model.

As a means of telling stories and conveying meaning, the art form is not only seen in paintings but also reflected in architecture, such as minarets and historic buildings. It is a vibrant cultural expression that continues to be practised, recognized, and transmitted by several individuals, communities and institutions. The art provides a sense of identity and continuity, helping to preserve the cultural fabric of the Afghan people while contributing to social cohesion and mutual respect. It is transmitted both formally and informally, with many students choosing to study miniature painting every year, which helps to keep the tradition alive. Miniature art connects people with their past, heritage and values. A means of passing on knowledge and values from one generation to the next, it is a living tradition that preserves culture and inspires learning. As such, it helps the communities reflect on their shared history and contributes to fostering a sense of community identity and pride.