Rapport sur l'état d'un élément inscrit sur la liste du patrimoine culturel immatériel nécessitant une sauvegarde urgente
A. Page de couverture
A.1.
État partie
Nom de l'État partie
Chine
A.2.
Date du dépôt de l'instrument de ratification, d'acceptation, d'approbation ou d'adhésion
Elle peut être consultée en ligne.
Date of deposit of the instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession
2004-12-02
A.3.
Élément inscrit sur la Liste de sauvegarde urgente qui fait l'objet du présent rapport
Nom de l'élément
Report of China on the status of the ICH element 'Meshrep'
Inscrit en
2015
État(s) soumissionnaire(s)
Chine
A.4.
Période considérée dans le présent rapport
Veuillez indiquer la période couverte par le présent rapport.
A.5.
Autres éléments inscrits sur la Liste de sauvegarde urgente, le cas échéant
Veuillez établir une liste de tous les autres éléments présents sur le territoire de votre pays qui sont inscrits sur la Liste de sauvegarde urgente et indiquer en quelle année ils y ont été inscrits ; pour ce qui est des éléments multinationaux, veuillez indiquer quels autres États sont concernés.
Other elements inscribed on the Urgent Safeguarding List, if any
L’imprimerie chinoise à caractères mobiles en bois (2010)
La conception et les pratiques traditionnelles de construction des ponts chinois de bois en arc (2009)
La technique des cloisons étanches des jonques chinoises (2010)
Le festival du Nouvel An des Qiang (2009)
Le Yimakan, les récits oraux des Hezhen (2011)
Les techniques textiles traditionnelles des Li : filage, teinture, tissage et broderie (2009)
A.6.
Synthèse du rapport
Veuillez fournir une synthèse du rapport, qui permette au grand public de comprendre l'état actuel de l'élément, mentionne toute incidence positive ou négative de son inscription et fasse état des mesures de sauvegarde mises en œuvre pendant la période considérée et leur possible mise à jour les années suivantes.
A.7.
Personne à contacter pour la correspondance
Donnez le nom, l'adresse et les coordonnées d'une personne à qui toute correspondance concernant le rapport doit être adressée.
Titre (Mme/M., etc.)
Ms
Nom de famille
Zhu
Prénom
Yanhui
Institution/fonction
Deputy Director
Division of International Organizations
Bureau of International Exchanges and Cooperation
Ministry of Culture and Tourism of China
Adresse
Numéro de téléphone
+86 10 5988 1870
Adresse électronique
intl@chinaculture.org
Autres informations pertinentes
B
Ms
B. État de l'élément inscrit sur la Liste de sauvegarde urgente
Veuillez vous référer au dossier de candidature ou aux précédents rapports, le cas échéant, pour savoir quand établir un rapport sur l'état actuel de l'élément et ne rendez compte que des changements pertinents survenus depuis la date de son inscription sur la Liste ou depuis le précédent rapport. Les dossiers de candidature, les calendriers spécifiques et les précédents rapports, le cas échéant, sont disponibles à l'adresse suivante : https://ich.unesco.org ou peuvent être demandés au Secrétariat.
L'État partie s'efforce de prêter une attention particulière au rôle du genre et d'assurer la plus large participation possible des communautés, des groupes et, le cas échéant, des individus concernés ainsi que des organisations non gouvernementales pertinentes pendant le processus de préparation de ce rapport ; il lui est demandé au point D ci-dessous de décrire de quelle manière il y est parvenu.
B.1.
Fonctions sociales et culturelles
Expliquez les fonctions, les significations sociales et culturelles de l'élément aujourd'hui, au sein et pour ces communautés, les caractéristiques de ses détenteurs et de ses praticiens et décrivez, entre autres, toute catégorie de personnes exerçant un rôle ou des responsabilités spécifiques vis-à-vis de l'élément. Une attention particulière devrait être accordée à tout changement pertinent susceptible d'avoir des répercussions sur le critère d’inscription U.1 (« L’élément est constitutif du patrimoine culturel immatériel tel que défini à l'article 2 de la Convention »).
Social and cultural functions
Meshrep is a traditional cultural practice organized according to specific rules. It functions as a “classroom” where people can learn, transmit and carry forward ethics, traditional etiquette, natural knowledge, production experience, culture and art. It is also a “playground” for people to entertain themselves.
Meshrep takes various forms and shows strong regional characteristics and rich cultural connotations. It varies in its content, style and scale in different regions. It is held for different purposes, such as to mark the end of the past year and the beginning of the New Year, to honor the hunting life and bravery of the ancestors and to celebrate the rite of passage, harvest, festivals or weddings, etc. It provides community members with a wealth of traditional knowledge, rituals and customs and a continuous sense of cultural identity. The sense of identity and belonging of the communities has been maintained and enhanced through wide participation.
“Yigit Bexi” (hosts nominated by the masses), who are familiar with the rules, cultural connotations and regional style of the element, and virtuoso folk artists who frequently attend the performances of singing and dancing, folk art, oral literature and games, are the bearers of Meshrep. They learn the traditions either from older hosts and skilled folk artists, or by frequently attending the Meshrep events. They bear responsibilities towards the element for its inter-generational transmission.
Different types of Meshrep bear different cultural themes in different regions. Some of them are held in a specific cultural space with a prominent cultural theme; they are usually presided over by a host widely recognized by the local people. The host is familiar with the rules and customs and is endowed with the supreme power to preside over etiquette, singing and dancing, games and other affairs; he/she plays a central role in the transmission of the element. For other types of Meshrep, such as those held for harvest and festivals, the practice mainly includes songs and dances interspersed with some games. They are not as formal and has no specific procedure or a host.
All Uyghur people are the practitioners of Meshrep. There is no limit to the number of participants for each event. Everyone, man or women, young or old, is allowed to take part in the practice by singing, dancing, guessing riddles or playing games.
B.2.
Analyse de sa viabilité et risques auxquels il est actuellement exposé
Décrivez le degré actuel de viabilité de l'élément, en particulier la fréquence et l'étendue de sa pratique, la vigueur des modes de transmission traditionnels, la composition démographique des praticiens et des publics, et sa durabilité. Veuillez aussi identifier et décrire les facteurs qui, le cas échéant, constituent une menace pour la pérennité de la transmission et de la représentation de l'élément et indiquez le degré de gravité et de proximité de tels facteurs, en accordant une attention particulière à tout renforcement ou affaiblissement de la viabilité de l'élément suite à son inscription.
Assessment of its viability and current risks
Current viability
Meshrep is concentrated in Uygur communities in Xinjiang, mainly in Kashgar Prefecture, Khotan Prefecture, Aksu Prefecture and Kizilsu Kyrgyz Autonomous Prefecture in southern Xinjiang, where the Uygur population takes up 74.01% of the total (according to data of the 2021 white paper of Population Development of Xinjiang). It is also practiced in the Turpan Basin to the east of Tianshan Mountains and the Yili River Basin, Jimsar County and Qitai County to the north of the Mountains. During this reporting period, the viability of the element has been significantly enhanced, with increased frequency and expanded scope of practice.
Thanks to the improved mechanism for safeguarding bearers, and the increasing number of young practitioners, the population of bearers has been growing. Currently, there are 483 representative bearers. The traditional mode of transmission within families or from bearers to their apprentices still prevails.
The element is practiced by communities, groups and individuals concerned at specific times of the year, during traditional festivals or as needed in their production and life. It is usually practiced in the courtyard, in the square or in the field; no specific stage is required.
There are 21 folk clubs and associations engaged in the promotion activities all year round. For example, in Mori Kazakh Autonomous County, there are 2 Meshrep clubs with 38 active members, one in Shenjiagou Village of Dongcheng Town, the other in Hebayan Village of Zhaobishan Town. Since their inception, they have been organizing presentations and training workshops during festivals and slack farming seasons and promoted Meshrep by using social media like WeChat.
The content of the element and the forms it takes have been changing with the times. For example, Meshrep that used to be held to praise and recognize virtuous daughters-in-law and thus dominated by women has gradually become a form of entertainment for all with the participation of men and the elderly. It is also increasingly related to local festival resources. For example, in Keriya County of Khotan Prefecture, Meshrep is held during May and June when people from the same village or the same neighbourhood, men or women, young or old, come together to welcome the season of flower scented tea.
Risks and threats
The visibility of the element has been gradually raised thanks to the safeguarding efforts. However, in daily life, many songs and dances might be named after Meshrep; and the fragments of the element is often seen in Muquam and other art forms. As a result, Meshrep tends to be simplified to a plain form of singing and dancing performance. In particular, the young generation are not fully aware of the cultural meanings of the element. Therefore, promotion and research of the element still need to be strengthened.
B.3.
Mise en œuvre des mesures de sauvegarde
Veuillez rendre compte des mesures de sauvegardes qui ont été décrites dans le dossier de candidature et dans un précédent rapport, le cas échéant. Décrivez de quelle manière elles ont été mises en œuvre et ont contribué de façon substantielle à la sauvegarde de l'élément au cours de la période considérée, en tenant compte des contraintes externes ou internes telles que des ressources limitées. Incluez en particulier des informations sur les mesures prises afin d'assurer la viabilité de l'élément en permettant à la communauté d'en poursuivre la pratique et la transmission. Fournissez les renseignements suivants en ce qui concerne la mise en œuvre de l’ensemble des mesures de sauvegarde ou du plan de sauvegarde :
B.3.a.
Objectifs et résultats
Indiquez quels objectifs principaux ont été atteints et quels résultats concrets ont été obtenus pendant la période considérée.
Objectives and results
During this reporting period, following objectives and specific results have been achieved on the basis of previous achievements in the safeguarding.
1. Transmission mechanism has been improved. The number of bearers has increased due to intensified efforts on training of potential practitioners. As of June 2022, there are 483 representative bearers, an increase of 59 compared with the previous report. They have been financially supported to carry out various transmission and practice activities. New hosts and practitioners have been trained. 34 training workshops for bearers were held in various communities, benefiting 680 participants. Evaluation mechanism of bearers has been set up to assess the results of their practice and teaching activities.
2. Frequency and scope of practice have been constantly improved. In the communities where Meshrep is concentrated, practice and promotion activities have been held annually during such festivals and events like Cultural and Natural Heritage Day, 100-day Square Cultural Activities and Navruz, with a total of 810 events involving 160,000 participants.
3. Relevant Rules and regulations have been improved. Competent bodies of the element have worked out implementation opinions and management methods, and formulated specific safeguarding plans to guarantee the lawful and reasonable implementation of safeguarding measures in a larger scope. For example, in January 2020, the Publicity, Culture and Tourism, and Finance departments of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region jointly issued the Implementation Opinions on Further Promoting ICH Transmission and Development in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. In December 2020, the Department of Culture and Tourism of Xinjiang Autonomous Region formulated the Measures for the Identification and Management of ICH Representative Bearers in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. In 2020, the compilation of Meshrep Safeguarding Plan (2021-2030) was launched.
4. Investigation and documentation have been carried out continuously. Relevant communities, cultural authorities and competent safeguarding bodies have implemented supplementary field surveys on the element and its bearers, and have recorded and preserved 590 hours of videos, 180 hours of audio recordings, 21,000 pictures and more than 1,500 pieces of objects through on-site recording and objects collection to enrich the basic archival data.
5. Cooperation with educational institutes has been further promoted. The role of the institutions of higher education and vocational secondary schools have been given full play. They have made a positive exploration on training of talents through many approaches including offering Meshrep related courses.
6. Safeguarding facilities have been built, renovated or expanded. A new cultural center project in Yining County of Yili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture has been completed and one transmission base in Kara Tal Town of Aksu City renovated. These facilities have been improved to ensure enough space necessary for the practice and transmission of the element and facilitate related activities.
7. Promotion and publicity activities have been extended. The visibility of Meshrep has been constantly raised by virtue of TV, newspapers and social media platforms such as WeChat and Integrated Media. For feature courses, bearers are invited to teach in primary and sceondary schools to increase the adolescents’ interest and participation in the element. Institutions of higher education are also actively involved in the promotion process.
B.3.b.
Activités de sauvegarde
Dressez la liste des principales activités menées au cours de la période considérée pour obtenir ces résultats escomptés. Veuillez décrire les activités en détail en mentionnant leur efficacité et tout problème rencontré dans leur mise en œuvre.
Safeguarding activities
Development of transmission mechanism:
Governments at all levels have provided financial aid for bearers to carry out transmission activities and purchase related tools. For example, each of the 60 members of the Dolan Folk Art Troupe in Awat County, Aksu Prefecture, receives subsidies of about 500 to 1,500 yuan per month. The Transmission Center of Korla City in Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture has been equipped with musical instruments and costumes needed for the practice.
Evaluation has been conducted on bearers. From 2019 to 2021, the Department of Culture and Tourism of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region has evaluated the performance of nine Meshrep representative bearers three times, focusing on their practices, training of apprentices, preservation of relevant objects and materials, participation in promotion activities, and use of funds, with a view to encourage them to further fulfill their responsibilities for transmission.
Training workshops, various presentation and exchange activities have been organized for capacity building of bearers. For example, the ICH Safeguarding and Research Center of Mori Kazakh Autonomous County held seven Meshrep training workshops in April and October 2019, November and December 2020, September and December 2021, and June 2022 respectively and benefited a total of 143 participants accumulatively; the representative bearer Turson Azimaiti was invited as the facilitator for these workshops. In Makti County, a total of 63 performances and events were organized in Dolan Cultural Square, Dolan Cultural Park, Bazaar market of Gazikule Town and Yangtake Town. The Meshrep transmission centers in Makti and Awat counties also carried out regular activities including training, exchanges and presentations on its premises.
Research and documentation:
Local safeguarding agencies, folk clubs and bearers have made supplementary research and documentation efforts. Korla City, Ruoqiang County, Luntai County and Yuli County of Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture have collected over 1,000 photos, 30 hours of audio recordings and 60 hours of videos, including the documentary “One Hundred People of Meshrep” by Luntai County and “Wedding Meshrep” by Yuli County; the Meshrep Research Institute in Keriyang Town of Pishan County has collected 6 pieces of divertimento, more than 50 pieces of music and more than 700 lines of lyrics.
Incorporation with education:
“ICH on campus” activities have been proceeded. Meshrep bearers have been invited to teach in music class in primary and secondary schools in Akto County, Kizilsu Kyrgyz Autonomous Prefecture. The No. 4 Middle School of Hejing County, Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture has offered special Meshrep-related courses to its students and increased the involvement of the young generation in the practice of the element. The Dance Department of Xinjiang Arts University has set up Meshrep dance theory and practice course which is one of the compulsory courses for undergraduates and postgraduates, attended by more than 120 students during this reporting period. The Music School of Xinjiang Normal University has also been involved in “Xinjiang Dance Art Theory and Criticism Talents Training” program under 2020 China National Arts Fund to train young talents in art (including Meshrep) theory and criticism. The graduate students have chosen Meshrep as the topic for their graduation thesis, and have written the thesis about “the Investigation & Research on Dance Culture of Meshrep in Hami City”. From 2019 through 2022, Makti Vocational School has enrolled 2 classes of 50 students each every year to study culture and art, mainly Meshrep music and dance. 300 students have been trained accumulatively. Among them more than half of the graduates are engaged in music and dance teaching and training associated with Meshrep.
Frequency and scope of practice:
Meshrep practice held during festivals or as required by people’s daily cultural needs have attracted the participation of different ethnic groups and tourists. For example, in July 2020, a volunteer group for Kerikumu Meshrep of 25 people was set up in Kara Tal Town, Aksu City. The group made a performance tour around villages, applauded by an audience of about 580 people; villagers showed great interest and also joined them in the practice. Encouraged by the policy of integrated development of culture and tourism, virtuoso Meshrep bearers and their apprentices have come to scenic spots and cultural plaza to present a complete Meshrep event. This has not only generated more income for themselves and increased the practice frequency of the element, but also enriched the cultural life of local people, helped to raise the visibility of Meshrep, especially among the youth, and kindled people’s enthusiasm for the participation.
Promotion and exchange:
Media promotion has been expanded. In July 2019, the documentary “Dolan Meshrep in Xinjiang · Beauty from Life” was filmed by Makti Radio & Television and aired on the local learning website. In April 2021, the promotional film “Chinese Image Chronicle · Awat Celebration” was broadcast on CCTV Science & Education Channel, showing the scene of Meshrep practice. In April 2021, Changji Daily published a special report on “Meshrep in the Mountains”.
Creative methods have also been adopted. In October 2021, the men's group dance “Makti in the Sun”, choreographed and performed by the Dance School of Xinjiang Arts University, won the first place under the genre of folk dance in the 13th Lotus Award Chinese Dance Competition. The dance was based on the scene of Dolan Meshrep, performed by folk artists from Makti County, and was also integrated with Shandong yangko dance. It received postive reviews given its creative way of publicity.
B.3.c.
Participation de communautés, de groupes ou d'individus aux activités de sauvegarde
Veuillez décrire de quelle manière les communautés, les groupes ou, le cas échéant, les individus ainsi que les organisations non gouvernementales pertinentes ont participé de façon effective à l'exécution des mesures de sauvegarde, y compris en termes de rôles du genre. Décrivez le rôle joué par l'organisation ou l'organe chargé de l'exécution (dénomination, informations de référence, etc.) et les ressources humaines qui ont été mises à disposition pour la mise en œuvre des activités de sauvegarde.
Participation of communities, groups or individuals in the safeguarding activities
Communities, groups, individuals concerned and relevant non-governmental organizations have extensively participated in the implementation of safeguarding measures and a force of synergy has taken shape.
More than 30 communities, including those in Aksu City, Makti, Awat and Pishan counties, and Mori Kazakh Autonomous County, have actively participated in the safeguarding and transmission by organizing Meshrep, constructing transmission centers, purchasing tools for practice, and carrying out training, presentation and exchange activities. The frequency and scope of the practice have been improved. For example, the Cultural Center of Awat County in Aksu Prefecture holds performances, training and promotion activities every year. So far, it has provided a total of over 300 performances, benefiting more than 50,000 people.
The population of bearers has increased through family-based and master-apprentice mode of transmission. The content and ways of teaching practice vary with different cultural themes. Meshrep with prominent cultural themes is held in a specific space according to folk traditions, and hosts, as the core bearers, guide their apprentices and involve them together in the activities. As an assistant, the apprentice keeps learning and accumulating knowledge about the rules and procedures. He will become a host only after he has improved his comprehensive competence and obtained appreciation and recognition of the local masses. Some bearers teach their apprentices singing and dancing skills. Apprentices with good skills are allowed to perform and improve their skills through continuous practice. For example, 26 apprentices of the bearer Elias Garyti have participated in the recording of the promotional film “Chinese Image Chronicle · Awat Celebration”. The bearer Turson Azimaiti has trained 8 apprentices about Meshrep singing and instrument playing skills, and has led 20 members of the transmission club of Hebayan Village to participate in training and presentation activities.
Local people have actively participated in the safeguarding of the element, and their understanding of Meshrep and their sense of identity have been enhanced. For example, in Maralbexi County, Kashgar Prefecture, Meshrep is practiced when people of all ethnic groups come together to celebrate the Spring Festival, Lantern Festival, farmers' art festival, Apricot Flower Festival, among other traditional and modern festivals.
Associations and folk art groups have carried out a large number of promotion and exchange activities. For instance, Dolan Folk Artists Association of Makti County that has 26 members (7 of them are female), with the oldest being 82 and the youngest 32, holds regular training and promotion activities every year. Meshrep Research Institute in Keriyang Town of Pishan County, Khotan Prefecture, has conducted 65 training and promotion events, involving 14,900 people. The Meshrep Transmission Club of Hebayan Village, Zhaobishan Town of Mori Kazakh Autonomous County has 20 members (including 12 women) of 52 years old on average. It is composed of Uyghur people who love Meshrep and participate in transmission activities every year.
Experts and scholars have actively supported the transmission and promotion of Meshrep. Since March 2021, Cui Bin, a retired professor from the Music School of Xinjiang Normal University, has given academic lectures entitled “Song and Dance in Tianshan · Eternal Meshrep” in 24 universities including Yangzhou University, Ningbo University and Nanjing University of Arts. He talked about Meshrep and its ecological culture, and referred to Meshrep as the wisdom of farming people in oasis, and the platform of traditional festivals. His detailed introduction has increased the exposure of the element to the public.
In addition, relevant bearers and experts have also engaged in the preparation of Meshrep Safeguarding Plan (2021-2030); they have put forward valuable advice and suggestions.
B.3.d.
Calendrier
Indiquez, sous forme de calendrier, les dates de mise en œuvre de chacune des activités.
Timetable
1. Financial support for transmission activities by bearers
From 2019 to June 2022, governments at all levels provided financial support to representative bearers on a regular basis.
From 2019 to June 2022, each of the 60 members of the Dolan Folk Art Troupe in Awat County, Aksu Prefecture, received a monthly subsidy ranging from 500 yuan to 1,500 yuan.
In 2020, the Shenjiagou Villagers’ Committee of Dongcheng Town, Mori County financed the purchase of musical instruments and costumes for Meshrep Transmission Club of the village.
In 2021, the ICH transmission center in Korla City of Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture was financed the purchase of musical Instruments and costumes by the city government.
2. Training workshops, presentations and exchanges activities
From April 2019 to June 2022, 35 Meshrep training workshops were held in Aksu City, Awat County, Makti County, Poskam County, Mori County and Maralbexi County respectively.
From 2019 to June 2022, more than 810 Meshrep events were held in relevant communities on Navruz in March, Cultural and Natural Heritage Day in June and as part of the 100-Day Square Cultural Activities.
3. Evaluation of representative bearers
From March 2019 to March 2022, evaluation of 9 Meshrep representative bearers was carried out on their overall contribution to transmission of the element.
4. Field study, recording and documentation
From 2020 to 2021, Korla City, Ruoqiang County, Luntai County and Yuli County of Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture carried out field study and collected text files, pictures and audiovisual recordings of the element and its representative bearers.
From 2020 to 2022, preliminary research was conducted to prepare for the recording of representative bearers.
5. Facilities Construction
In July 2020, the Kerikumu Meshrep Safeguarding and Transmission Center in Kara Tal Town, Aksu City was expanded and upgraded.
In September 2020, a new comprehensive cultural center in Yining County, Yili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture was completed and put into use.
In 2021, construction of the safeguarding and transmission bases centering on Meshrep practices of regional-level was launched.
6. Meshrep safeguarding plan
From 2020 to 2022, the compilation of Meshrep Safeguarding Plan (2021-2030) was launched and further pushed forward.
7. Promotion and dissemination
From March 2021 to August 2021, a professor from Xinjiang Normal University gave academic lectures entitled “Song and Dance in Tianshan· Eternal Meshrep” in 24 colleges and universities.
In April 2021, the mass media carried out publicity on Meshrep.
In October 2021, the men's group dance “Makti in the Sun”, choreographed and performed by the Dance School of Xinjiang Arts University, won the first place under folk dance genre in the 13th “Lotus Award” Chinese Dance Competition.
B.3.e.
Dépenses budgétaires
Veuillez fournir le détail des montants des fonds utilisés pour la mise en œuvre de chaque activité (si possible, en dollars des États-Unis), en indiquant dans chaque cas l’origine du financement (sources gouvernementales, contributions en nature des communautés, etc.).
Budget
The safeguarding activities of the element are mainly funded by the central government and local governments at different levels.
1. Financial aid about 2,905,000 yuan was allocated in terms of subsidies for bearers’ transmission and practice and purchase of practical tools, including:
Annual financial subsidies for bearers’ transmission and practice, accumulatively 2,768,000 yuan;
Monthly subsidy from 500 yuan to 1500 yuan for each of the 60 members of Dolan Folk Art Troupe of Awat County, Aksu Prefecture;
Purchase of musical instruments and costumes for the Meshrep transmission club in Shenjiagou Village, Dongcheng Town of Mori County in 2020; and
Purchase of musical instruments and costumes for the Meshrep transmission center in Korla City of Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture in 2021.
2. Training workshops and exchange activities (3,457,700 yuan)
35 workshops held in Aksu City, Awat County, Makti County, Poskam County, Mori County and Maralbexi County from April 2019 to June 2022;
Meshrep events in relevant communities on Navruz in March, Cultural and Natural Heritage Day in June and as part of the 100-Day Square cultural Activities from 2019 to 2022.
3. Evaluation of bearers (30,000 yuan)
Evaluation of 9 Meshrep representative bearers on their overall performance from March 2019 to March 2022.
4. Field study, recording and documentation (939,400 yuan)
Field study in Korla City, Ruoqiang County, Luntai county and Yuli county from 2020 to 2021;
Field study to prepare for the recording of Meshrep representative bearers from 2020 to 2022.
5. Facilities Construction (700,000 yuan)
In July 2020, Kerikumu Meshrep Safeguarding and Transmission Center was expanded and upgraded in Kara Tal Town, Aksu City;
A new cultural center was completed in September 2020 and put into use in Yining County, Yili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture;
Construction of the safeguarding and transmission bases of regional level centering on Meshrep practices was launched in 2021.
6. Preparing the Meshrep Safeguarding plan (365,000 yuan)
Compilation of the Meshrep Safeguarding Plan (2021-2030) was started in 2020.
7. Promotion and dissemination (257,000 yuan)
A professor of Xinjiang Normal University lectured on Meshrep in 24 colleges and universities from March 2021 to August 2021;
Mass media coverage on Meshrep in April 2021;
The Dance School of Xinjiang Arts University choreographed and performed the man’s group dance “Makti in the Sun” in October 2021.
In addition, the communities concerned provided the venues needed for the practice of Meshrep, such as the courtyard and personal showrooms, and other in kind resources such as personal musical instruments, clothing, food (candy, fruit, dried fruit, meat products, etc.) and self-made props.
B.3.f.
Efficacité globale des activités de sauvegarde
Procédez à une évaluation globale de l'efficacité des activités menées pour parvenir aux résultats escomptés et de l'utilisation des fonds nécessaires à leur mise en œuvre. Veuillez indiquer de quelles manières les activités ont contribué à l’obtention des résultats et si d'autres activités auraient été mieux adaptées à cette fin. Indiquez aussi si les mêmes résultats auraient pu être obtenus avec de moindres ressources financières, si les ressources humaines disponibles étaient appropriées et si les communautés, groupes et individus concernés auraient pu participer davantage.
Overall effectiveness of the safeguarding activities
During this reporting period, the overall results of the safeguarding activities are consistent with the results as expected in the previous report. The following measures were adopted and the expected results were achieved. First is to improve policies and regulations to ensure lawful and reasonable safeguarding in a larger scope. Second is to improve safeguarding facilities such as training and practice centers to expand the frequency and scope of practice and ensure venues necessary for training, exchanges and demonstration. Third is to conduct field study, recording and archiving to provide basic support for theoretical research. Fourth is to improve the supporting mechanism for bearers. Governments at all levels has provided financial support to facilitate representative bearers to take apprentices and carry out presentation and exchange activities. Fifth is to carry out promotion and performances through local associations and folk art troupes, and to explore ways to train talents in colleges and universities. Sixth is to strengthen communication and enhance the visibility and recognition of Meshrep.
Research and documentation and promotion of the element still need to be strengthened. The safeguarding measures described in this report, such as development of policies, laws and regulations, the construction of safeguarding facilities, recording and documentation, the supporting mechanism for the bearers, the activities of folk clubs, cooperation with educational institutions, and communication and exchanges, will still be the priorities of the safeguarding plan for the next four years. Based on that, the investigation, documentation and research of the element should be further strengthened, and the dissemination be intensified to better cope with the major risks and challenges faced by the element.
The element is mainly funded by governments at all levels; funds are mainly used for investigation and documentation, research and publication, safeguarding plan preparation, demonstration and performances, promotion and dissemination; they are also used for supporting bearers’ activities such as taking apprentices, teaching and communication, as well as the recording of representative bearers. Effective capital input enables transmission and practice and various activities, and ensures more engagement of communities, groups and individuals concerned.
C
Zhu
C. Mise à jour des mesures de sauvegarde
C.1.
Plan de sauvegarde mis à jour
Veuillez fournir une mise à jour du plan de sauvegarde inclus dans le dossier de candidature ou dans le précédent rapport. En particulier, veuillez donner des informations détaillées comme suit :
- a. Quels sont les objectifs principaux visés et les résultats concrets attendus ?
- b. Quelles sont les activités principales à mener pour atteindre ces résultats attendus ? Veuillez décrire les activités en détail et dans l'ordre d'exécution, en démontrant leur faisabilité.
- c. Comment le ou les États parties concernés soutiennent-ils la mise en œuvre du plan de sauvegarde mis à jour ?
Updated safeguarding plan
Primary objectives and expected specific results:
1. Relevant policies, laws and regulations will be further improved. The Measures for the Management of Funds for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region will be formulated to regulate the management and use of funds for the safeguarding of ICH elements including Meshrep, and constantly improve the efficiency of fund use. The Meshrep Safeguarding Plan (2021-2030) will be fully implemented to provide a solid institutional guarantee for the transmission of the element.
2. Management will be further strengthened. Relevant communities are encouraged to participate in the nomination of representative ICH elements inventories at all levels; the status of Meshrep safeguarding in 16 regions will be followed up through performance evaluation and dynamic management.
3. The safeguarding and transmission mechanism will be improved. First is to provide annual financial aid for bearers to carry out transmission activities. Second is to strengthen the identification and management of representative bearers, and encourage bearers and communities to participate in the nomination of the sixth batch of representative bearers at the national and autonomous region levels and carry out evaluation on bearers every year. Third is to train talents and future practitioners through workshops, presentations, communication and exchange activities. Fourth is to encourage continuous training of theoretical and practical talents; Xinjiang Arts University, Xinjiang Normal University, Makti County Vocational School will continue to make exploration in this regard.
4. Investigations, documentation and research will be further strengthened. First is to carry out special investigation and documentation of traditional Meshrep practice, to form complete archival results so as to provide material support for research and promotion. Second is to facilitate the digitization of archives, including text files, pictures and audiovisual information and to improve public access to archives and database system. Third is to keep on the recording of the representative bearers, to record the representative bearers of advanced years in stages, and to record their exquisite skills comprehensively, truly and systematically through digital multimedia means, so as to keep precious materials for transmission, research, publicity etc.. Fourth is to hold seminars and discussions on Meshrep to facilitate academic exchanges and strengthen theoretical research on the safeguarding and transmission of Meshrep in the new era. Fifth is to enhance the capacity building of grassroots staff and improve their knowledge and understanding of Meshrep.
5. Construction of facilities including transmission and practice bases, clubs and centers for transmission in different localities will be continued.
6. The visibility and influence of the element will be enhanced. Live broadcast activities will be organized to highlight the cultural meanings of Meshrep by using different social media platforms; documentaries about Meshrep will be produced; cultural centers and ICH transmission centers will be encouraged to hold training and exchange activities.
7. Efforts will be made to transfer Meshrep from the Urgent Safeguarding List to the Representative List.
Key activities to be carried out:
The Meshrep Safeguarding Plan (2021-2030) enters full implementation; the Measures for the Management of Funds for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region will be formulated and issued by the Department of Culture and Tourism of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.
The safeguarding status of the element will be monitored in 16 regions; relevant communities will be encouraged to participate in the nomination of the sixth batch of representative ICH elements in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.
The bearer Kazimu Hader is to be recommended as a nationally recognized representative bearer; relevant bearers and communities will be encouraged to participate in the nomination of the sixth batch of ICH representative bearers in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region; financial aid will be continuously provided to representative bearers for their transmission and teaching activities; evaluation of bearers will be conducted in the first half of each year; workshops will be held at least three times a year for communities in the 16 regions.
Digitization of Meshrep archives will be promoted in phases; recording of representative bearers will be proceeded; seminars and conferences will be held and experts and scholars, bearers, heads of safeguarding agencies and grassroots staff will be invited to put forward their opinions and suggestions for the safeguarding and transmission of Meshrep; conference papers will be collected and published to support theoretical research of the element; training courses will be held for grassroots staff to build their theoretical and practical capacity, and given their lack of theoretical knowledge about the element and high turnover, training will cover issues such as Meshrep knowledge, practical problems identified in the past and improvement of existing safeguarding measures.
In Kashgar, Khotan and Aksu prefectures, among others, complete Meshrep events held either at home or in scenic spots will be broadcast live in both online & offline model; new media platforms such as Weibo, WeChat, short videos and webcast will be fully utilized for broadcasting these events, related documentaries and promotional films to attract young viewers. Efforts will also be made to produce documentaries about Meshrep and edit them to short videos adaptable to new media for promotion. Cultural centers, libraries, ICH safeguarding centers, transmission bases and centers and rural cultural centers at all levels will get involved in training and exchange activities.
Xinjiang Arts University, Xinjiang Normal University, Makti Vocational School will continue to make exploration on training of talents.
Measures for the implementation of the updated safeguarding plan:
The implementation of regulations like the Opinions on Further Strengthening the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage and the 14th Five-Year Plan for the ICH Safeguarding, along with the inventorying mechanism for representative ICH elements and representative bearers, will provide policy guarantee for the implementation of the updated safeguarding plan.
At present, the element is mainly funded by governments at all levels. Special funds are allocated on a yearly basis to representative bearers for transmission and purchase of necessary tools, training, display and promotion. In December 2021, Ministry of Finance and Ministry of Culture and Tourism jointly issued the Measures on the Management of Funds for the Safeguarding of National ICH, which will better regulate the management of special funds and improve the efficiency of their use.
Center of Chinese Memory Project of the National Library, China ICH Safeguarding Center and other institutions will carry out recording project for representative bearers, training on periodic reporting and staff training on safeguarding management in order to provide academic support and build capacity for the implementation of the safeguarding plan as well as investigation and research.
C.2.
Calendrier des activités à venir
Veuillez fournir un calendrier du plan de sauvegarde mis à jour (sur une période d’environ quatre ans).
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Timetable
Regular activities in the coming four years:
To implement the Meshrep Safeguarding Plan (2021-2030); to provide continuous financial aid to bearers for their transmission, teaching and exchange activities; to conduct evaluation of representative bearers in the first half of each year; to monitor the safeguarding status of the element, and hold training workshops at least three times a year for the Meshrep communities in 16 regions; to continue digitalization of Meshrep archives at stages; to carry out Meshrep events broadcast in a online and offline hybrid way in 2 communities to fully present Meshrep process every year; to shoot Meshrep documentaries and edit them into short videos adaptable to new media platform for promotion; to promote training of talents in Xinjiang Arts University, Xinjiang Normal University, Makti Vocational School and other educational institutions.
2022
To recommend bearer Kazimu Hader to the national list of representative bearers.
To hold community-based training workshops for future practitioners.
To shoot promotional films of the element through new media.
2023
To draft and issue the Measures for the Management of Funds for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.
To launch the recording of Elias Gayti, the representative bearer of Awat County on his practice and transmission activities.
To hold seminars and conferences on the element.
To strive to transfer Meshrep from the Urgent Safeguarding List to the Representative List.
2024
To launch the sixth batch of representative ICH elements in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.
To launch the identification of the sixth batch of representative bearers in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.
To launch the recording of one representative bearer, and finalize the recording of Elias Gayti, the representative bearer of Awat County.
2025
To finalize the recording work of the representative bearer.
C.3.
Budget des activités à venir
Veuillez fournir les estimations des fonds requis pour la mise en œuvre du plan de sauvegarde actualisé (si possible, en dollars des États-Unis), en identifiant les ressources disponibles (sources gouvernementales, contributions en nature des communautés, etc.)
Budget
1. To improve relevant policies, law and regulations (100,000 yuan)
Formulation of the Measures for the Management of Funds for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and implementation of Meshrep Safeguarding Plan (2021-2030).
2. Management on the safeguarding of Meshrep (600,000 yuan)
3. Financial support for bearers (3.3 million yuan)
Financial aid to representative bearers for their transmission and teaching activities (3.2 million yuan)
Identification and management of representative bearers (100,000 yuan)
4. Field survey and documentation, digitalization of Meshrep archives (900,000 yuan)
5. Recording of representative bearers project (800,000 yuan)
6. Community-based transmission and safeguarding activities (3.9 million yuan)
Training workshops for bearers (1.2 million yuan)
Promotion, presentation and exchange activities (2.7 million yuan)
7. Promotion and dissemination (1.4 million yuan)
Use of new media, production of audiovisual products ( 500,000 yuan)
Shooting of 6 Meshrep documentaries (900,000 yuan)
The above-mentioned funds will mainly come from the central finance and local governments at different levels. The communities will continue to provide the venues needed for practice of Meshrep and other in kind resources such as private musical instruments, clothing, food, self-made props, etc.
C.4.
Participation des communautés
Veuillez décrire comment les communautés, groupes et individus ainsi que les organisations non gouvernementales pertinentes ont été impliqués, y compris en termes de rôles du genre, dans la mise à jour du plan de sauvegarde et comment ils seront impliqués dans sa mise en œuvre.
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Community participation
The communities, groups, bearers and their organizations concerned have actively contributed to the updating of the safeguarding plan on a voluntary basis, with prior informed consent and based on their safeguarding experience, and have committed to continuing their participation in the future implementation. During this process, the communities and bearers also expressed their hope to transfer the element from the Urgent Safeguarding List to the Representative List.
The communities concerned, given their high recognition of the safeguarding endeavor, have been willingly engaged in the updating of the safeguarding plan and related practical activities. For example, communities and groups in Aksu City, Awat County, Makti County, Hami City and others have evaluated the implementation of the safeguarding measures on a yearly basis; they have collected opinions and suggestions through field study and interviews with bearers to provide information and reference for the updating of the safeguarding plan. The seminars about Meshrep safeguarding and transmission were held by the local authority and the ICH Safeguarding Center of Mori Kazakh Autonomous County on November 15, December 14, and December 20, 2020 respectively in Shenjiagou Village of Dongcheng Town, Hebayan Village of Zhaobishan Town, and Bostan Village of Bostan Town; 65 people including representatives bearers, experts and scholars, and folk artists attended the seminars and put forward their advice and suggestions. Sixteen communities in Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture, Aksu Prefecture, Kashgar Prefecture and Khotan Prefecture, together with Xinjiang ICH Safeguarding and Research Center, will co-organize Meshrep events on a regular basis, in a collaboration to implement the safeguarding measures. All Uygur communities will continuously hold Meshrep events with different themes and of different styles in accordance with their local traditions, and will encourage extensive participation so as to further improve the frequency and scope of practice of the element.
The bearers are the core of the transmission and safeguarding of the element. Eli Ibulamu, Elias Gayti, Kazimu Khader and Guzelinur Maimaiti (female), among others, have promised to further fulfill their transmission obligations and contribute to the updating and implementation of the safeguarding plan. For example, before the work plan for the recording of Meshrep representative bearers was formulated, the bearers had engaged in the collection of oral historical data and shooting of films about practice, transmission and education of the element; they had discussed the difficulties faced, problems to be addressed and had put forward their opinions. From 2023 to 2024, bearers such as Elias Garyti and Kadir Suleyman are going to participate in the recording. Guzerinur Maimaiti, a female teacher of culture and art in Makti Vocational School, has joined the consultation on the updating of the safeguarding plan from the perspective of incorporating transmission with education. She will continue to teach students as potential practitioners. Some other bearers will continuously get involved in the discussions about safeguarding, transmission and development of Meshrep in the future.
Local associations, folk art troupes and other organizations, such as the association consisting of bearers and folk artists in Poskam County of Kashgar Region (with 31 members, 8 of whom are female), and the Meshrep Transmission Club of Bostan Village, Bostan Town of Mori Kazakh Autonomous County (with 21 members, 9 of whom are women) have shared their experience accumulated through safeguarding practice for the updating of the safeguarding plan. They will continuously make their contribution to the viability of the element in the future through various promotion and exchange activities.
C.5.
Contexte institutionnel
Veuillez indiquer quelles institutions sont en charge de la gestion locale et de la sauvegarde de l'élément inscrit sur la Liste de sauvegarde urgente, notamment :
- a. l'(les) organisme(s) compétent(s) impliqué(s) dans sa gestion et/ou sa sauvegarde ;
- b. l'(les) organisation(s) de la communauté ou du groupe concernée(s) par l'élément et sa sauvegarde.
2004-12-02
Institutional context
a.The competent bodies involved in its management and/or safeguarding:
Department of Culture and Tourism, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
b. The organizations of the community or group concerned with the element and its safeguarding:
Meshrep Transmission Club of Shenjiagou Village, Dongcheng Town, Mori Kazakh Autonomous County
Meshrep Transmission Club of Hebayan Village, Zhaobishan Town, Mori Kazakh Autonomous County
Meshrep Transmission Club of Bostan Village, Bostan County, Mori Kazakh Autonomous County
Dolan Folk Artists Association in Makti County
Dolan Folk Art Troupe in Awat County
Volunteer Team of Kerikumu Meshrep, Kara Tal Town, Aksu City
Meshrep Research Institute of Keriyang Town, Pishan County
ICH Safeguarding and Research Center of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region
Cultural Center of Yining County
Cultural Center of Mori Kazakh Autonomous County
ICH Safeguarding Center of Hami City
Cultural Center of Turfan City
Cultural Center of Korla City
Cultural Center of Aksu City
Cultural Center of Awat County
Cultural Center of Akto County
Cultural Center of Shule County
Cultural Center of Makti County
Cultural Center of Poskam County
Cultural Center of Maralbexi County
Cultural Center of Yopurga County
Cultural Heritage Management Institute of Pishan County
Cultural Center of Keriya County
Cultural Center of Minfeng County
Xinjiang Arts University
Xinjiang Normal University
Makti Vocational School
D
Yanhui
D. Participation des communautés à l'établissement du présent rapport
Décrivez les mesures qui ont été prises pour assurer la plus large participation possible des communautés, des groupes et, le cas échéant, des individus ainsi que des organisations non gouvernementales pertinentes concernés pendant la préparation du présent rapport.
Participation of communities in preparing this report
Upon the notice of the ICH Department of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism on drafting the periodic report, the Department of Culture and Tourism of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region immediately took the lead to establish a working group to prepare the report. The ICH Safeguarding and Research Center of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region was entrusted to coordinate and ensure wide participation of relevant communities, groups, bearers, associations, research institutes and folk clubs in the whole preparation.
During the process, the communities, groups and individuals concerned, as well as relevant NGOs, participated in the survey, field visits and consultation with prior informed consent. Prior to that, from 2020 to 2021, Xinjiang ICH Safeguarding and Research Center cooperated with public and cultural institutions on drafting the Meshrep Safeguarding Plan (2021-2030), and carried out field study in Turpan City, Hami City and Pishan County of Khotan Prefecture, which has accumulated data for this report. In November 2021 and September 2022, 57 staff members and over 30 bearers from 16 counties and cities, including Turpan, Aksu, Makti and Yining, engaged in the survey and provided basic data through filling in forms, and face to face or telephone interviews. From July to October 2022, representatives from Xinjiang ICH Safeguarding and Research Center and community members from counties and cities such as Aksu, Awat, Makit, Mori and Hami, as well as staffs, participated in online training sessions to learn better about the purpose and requirements for the report. They also participated in several rounds of working meetings with Meshrep experts and scholars to constantly revise the report.
Based on all above-mentioned efforts, the working group wrapped up the report while taking in suggestions of all parties and opinions of experts from relevant research institutes, and finally submitted it to the Ministry of Culture and Tourism.
E
Deputy Director
Division of International Organizations
Bureau of International Exchanges and Cooperation
Ministry of Culture and Tourism of China
E. Signature au nom de l'État partie
Le rapport doit être signé par un responsable habilité à le signer pour le compte de l’État, avec la mention de son nom, de son titre et de la date de soumission.
Nom
Mr. GAO Zheng
Titre
Director General, Bureau of International Exchanges and Cooperation, Ministry of Culture and Tourism, P. R. China
Date
12-12-2022
Signature
Gao Zheng
Chargement du rapport périodique signé
© 2009 by ICH Protection and Research Centre, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China 
